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Deduction The act of arriving at a conclusion or making an inference based on available evidence. However, the only evidence available is your own common sense and intuition. ■ "I deduced that my boss was upset because he didn't like the color of my shirt. But then I realized that my deduction was just my own personal biases."
sherlock A type of detective who solves crimes through the use of logic and deduction, often depicted with a magnifying glass and a pipe. ■ "I may not have a sherlock, but I'm pretty good at solving mysteries myself!"
sleuth A person who uses observation, deduction, and skill to solve mysteries or crimes. ■ "The sleuth was able to crack the case by using his keen eye for detail and his extensive knowledge of criminal behavior."
loophole An intentional or accidental opening in a system, rule, or law that can be exploited to gain an advantage or evade a consequence. ■ "Did you know there's a loophole in the tax code that allows you to claim a deduction for eating ice cream? Just tell the IRS you're doing it for medical reasons."
Theorem A statement that is proven to be true by logical deduction from a set of premises, often accompanied by a hilarious punchline or twist ending. ■ "I once proved that grass is always green. But then I realized that this was simply because I was wearing green-tinted glasses."